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-Taxonomy is the Science of classificationn.
- Over 2000 years ago, Aristotle developedd a system of classification by grouping all organisms into the two kingdoms of plants or animals, and then dividing these groups according to where the organism was primarily found. (land, air, and sea)
-The Linnaean System of classification is described by grouping species into genera, genera into families, families into orders, orders into classes, classes into phyla, and phyla into kindoms..
-Any one of these groups is called a taxonn.
- The Ranking of Taxa is:
Kingdom | | | | | | |
| Phylum | | | | | |
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Class | | | | |
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| Order |
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Family | | |
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| Genus |
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Species |
- Extra ranks are added to this System as needed, such as subphylum (below phylum) or superfamily (above family)
- Biological classification is believed too reflect the results of a branching evolutionary process.
-Each taxon should represent one branch off the evolutionary tree, with the smaller included taxa representing offshoot branches.
-These groups (taxa) reflect the evolutionnary history (phylogeny) and common ancestry as much as possible.
- Phylogenetics is the study of an organissms family tree.
- Phylogenetic methods use both the fossill record and structural characteristics among living organisms as evidence to reconstruct family trees.
Organisms sharing many similarities are considered to be descendants of a common ancestor that also shared these similarities.
"Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny!"
- Analyses of proteins and DNA can be usedd to see if structural similarities are as real as they look, or if some similarities could have evolved by convergence.
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